Taksin quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai's reign, gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the Burmese–Siamese War. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, which became a regional power by the end of the 15th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other.
Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Thailand also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. The country is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the extremity of Myanmar. Thailand ( / ˈ t aɪ l æ n d, ˈ t aɪ l ə n d/ TY-land, TY-lənd), historically known as Siam ( / s aɪ ˈ æ m, ˈ s aɪ æ m/) and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of Indochinese Peninsula, spanning 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi), with a population of almost 70 million. You may need rendering support to display the Thai text in this article correctly.
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